![]() Within situational irony there is the concept of cosmic irony. A basic example of situational irony is when a person carries out an action to harm someone else but that person ends up getting harmed instead of or as well as. This means that the result of an action is contrary to the expected or desired effect of it. This considers the disparity of the intension and the result. For example, in a play a character may say to another 'See you tomorrow' but the audience knows, from the plotline, that in fact the character will die before then and that they will not see them tomorrow. ![]() This occurs in plays or literature when the words or actions portrayed by the speaker have a significance that the audience is aware of but the speaker is not. ![]() Dramatic irony is the disparity of awareness that takes place between the actor and the observer. Other, similar, types of irony defined by modern theories of rhetoric include dramatic irony and situational irony. Verbal irony is quite similar to sarcasm, although sarcasm has a more obvious intention of the alternative meaning being shown. An example of verbal irony is when a person says "Your coat is really lovely" but really they mean, often expressed in their tone, that is coat is not lovely at all. Verbal irony is defined as a disparity of expression and intention, i.e when a literal meaning is contrary to its intended effect or saying one thing and meaning another. The term most commonly used to describe saying one thing and meaning another is irony, in particular verbal irony.
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